How does social insurance policy affect citizens' political participation? An empirical research based on policy feedback theory

The policy feedback theory proposes that policies, besides being outputs of political activities, also function as inputs that shape political behavior and influence citizens. Using the 2019 Chinese Social Survey data, this paper empirically explored the impact of social insurance policies, specifically pension and medical insurance, on citizens' political voting. The study finds that social insurance policies are significantly correlated with political participation, suggesting the potential existence of a policy feedback effect. Further analysis indicated the presence of a resource incentive effect moderated by income and an interpretive effect moderated by education, both varying based on insurance type. As income or education levels rose, the political voting gap between insured and uninsured pension holders widened, particularly in EPI. In contrast, the political voting gap in medical insurance did not increase with income but decreased with education. This paper broadened the understanding of factors influencing political participation, providing empirical evidence for policy feedback theory in China and deepening insights into resource incentives and interpretive effects. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)2019(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). La teor & iacute;a de la retroalimentaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas propone que estas, adem & aacute;s de ser resultados de las actividades pol & iacute;ticas, tambi & eacute;n funcionan como insumos que moldean el comportamiento pol & iacute;tico e influyen en la ciudadan & iacute;a. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Social China de 2019, este trabajo explor & oacute; emp & iacute;ricamente el impacto de las p & oacute;lizas de seguro social, espec & iacute;ficamente las pensiones y el seguro m & eacute;dico, en el voto pol & iacute;tico de los ciudadanos. El estudio concluye que las p & oacute;lizas de seguro social est & aacute;n significativamente correlacionadas con la participaci & oacute;n pol & iacute;tica, lo que sugiere la posible existencia de un efecto de retroalimentaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas. Un an & aacute;lisis posterior indic & oacute; la presencia de un efecto de incentivo de recursos moderado por los ingresos y un efecto interpretativo moderado por la educaci & oacute;n, ambos variando seg & uacute;n el tipo de seguro. A medida que aumentaban los niveles de ingresos o educaci & oacute;n, la brecha de voto pol & iacute;tico entre los pensionistas asegurados y no asegurados se ampliaba, particularmente en el EPI. Por el contrario, la brecha de voto pol & iacute;tico en el seguro m & eacute;dico no aumentaba con los ingresos, sino que disminu & iacute;a con la educaci & oacute;n. Este trabajo ampli & oacute; la comprensi & oacute;n de los factores que influyen en la participaci & oacute;n pol & iacute;tica, proporcionando evidencia emp & iacute;rica para la teor & iacute;a de la retroalimentaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas en China y profundizando en el conocimiento de los incentivos de recursos y los efectos interpretativos.