Assessment and simulation of brine discharge impact from a seawater desalination plant on the Mediterranean marine environment

Water desalination technologies, while crucial for meeting growing freshwater demands, often pose significant environmental challenges. In this study, we delve into the specific impact of brine discharge from the Djerba seawater desalination plant on the delicate marine ecosystem. Leveraging advanced CORMIX software, we conduct simulations to elucidate the intricate diffusion patterns of brine in the surrounding waters. Complementing these simulations, field measurements are meticulously undertaken to validate our findings. Our results unveil a critical dependency between brine dispersion and discharge rates, underscoring the pivotal role of plant operation practices in mitigating environmental repercussions. Notably, our investigations reveal that under single desalination line operation, brine impact is perceptible up to 100 m from the discharge point, as evidenced by elevated water salinity. However, with the activation of dual lines, trial outcomes indicate a restoration of normal salinity levels. These empirical observations corroborate our simulation models, affirming their accuracy in predicting brine diffusion dynamics within the marine milieu. By synergizing simulation and experimental data, our study offers valuable insights into optimizing desalination plant operations for minimal ecological disturbance.