Advancing Global Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Environmental Sustainability

Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is widely recognized as an important strategy for both agronomic productivity and environmental sustainability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of NUE at both global and country levels, including selected nations such as the United States, France, China, India, and South Africa. It also examines recent advancements in agricultural practices designed to enhance NUE and crop yields while minimizing the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers. The findings indicated that NUE in the world and in some countries, including the United States of America, France, and China, has been increasing with a different gradient, resulting in a decline in nitrogen surpluses contributing to environmental pollution in these countries over recent years. In contrast, countries such as India and South Africa have shown an increase in nitrogen surpluses. Additionally, enhancing NUE through innovative agronomic procedures and cutting-edge technologies is of importance for reducing reliance on heavy nitrogen applications and mitigating their environmental impact. It was concluded that harmonizing agronomic strategies with precision agriculture technological advancements can significantly improve NUE and preserve environmental health.