Identification and prevention strategies for musculoskeletal injuries among firefighters: A rapid review

Background: Firefighters worldwide play a critical role in safeguarding the public and their work exposes them to significant health and safety risks. The physical demands of firefighting such as fire suppression, victim rescue, and operating in confined, hazardous environments are compounded by the weight of personal protective equipment (PPE) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). These demands contribute to a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs). MSIs result in extended recovery times, with firefighters often taking twice as long to return to work compared to other sectors. Objective: To conduct a rapid review in support of an industry partner to explore the prevalence and patterns of musculoskeletal injuries among firefighters, identifying gaps in the literature and proposing strategies for injury mitigation. Methods: A rapid review of peer-reviewed literature, concluding in March 2024, identified a gap in research focusing on the prevention of work-related injuries in firefighters. Results: The review highlights the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies, including fitness, health, and wellness programs, as well as enhanced safety training and improved PPE. The financial burden of non-fatal injuries on fire departments underscores the importance of such preventative measures. Future research should explore the effectiveness of exercise and movement-oriented training programs, particularly among diverse populations, including female and older firefighters. Conclusion: Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the long-term benefits and cost-effectiveness of these interventions. A deeper understanding of MSI prevention could lead to the development of specific guidelines that enhance the safety and well-being of firefighters throughout their careers.