Brand coolness: development and validation of a short scale

PurposeThis study aims to present a shorter, more managerially useful, but psychometrically sound, scale for representing brand coolness than proposed by Warren et al. (2019).Design/methodology/approachThe authors derive a 20-item scale based on the 37-item scale proposed by Warren et al. (2019) and examine its convergent, discriminant and predictive validity on data from one specified brand. Tests of hypotheses are performed on a random sample of 413 US adult consumers.FindingsThe new 20-item scale fits well the 10-factor confirmatory factor analysis model proposed by Warren et al. (2019). A multitrait-multimethod matrix analysis establishes convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, brand coolness adds unique predictive contributions explaining behavioral intentions and word of mouth over and above that provided by attitudes and self-brand connections toward the brand.Research limitations/implicationsThis investigation examines only one brand (Nike). It would be desirable to test the generalizability of the model and measures of brand coolness on other brands and do so in multiple countries.Practical implicationsThe new scale for brand coolness offers opportunities and insights to companies about how to measure and create brand coolness.Originality/valueThe original Warren et al.'s (2019) study used a sample for each analysis comprised of heterogenous brands and therefore could not make statements concerning the utility of the model for predicting any particular brand. This study demonstrates that the short scale can be validly applied to individual brands. The new scale also achieves construct validity using the stricter multitrait-multimethod analysis criteria, which Warren et al. (2019) were unable to do.