Novel Strategies for Concrete Restoration: a Deep Dive into Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation Technology

Despite its widespread use and status as a groundbreaking construction material, concrete presents challenges due to its susceptibility to degradation. Due to this reason, concrete structures require regular maintenance, and traditional concrete crack repair methods are resource-intensive and expensive, while also having limitations in their applicability to different crack types. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a promising technique for the maintenance of concrete structures due to its novel approach in concrete technology for healing. The concept of MICP holds promise for sustainable infrastructure development by reducing the need for maintenance and repairs. This paper aims to provide a thorough review of published knowledge on MICP for concrete maintenance to assess and identify effective techniques and methods for MICP in concrete crack healing; this helps practitioners and designers in their decision-making processes. The study focuses on (1) MICP healing efficacy, (2) bacterial species, (3) nutrient supply methods, (4) crack remediation strategies and material compatibility, and (5) environmental conditions. This paper discusses and summarizes effective techniques and methods for MICP healing of concrete. Finally, potential future research directions for further optimizing and implementing MICP in practical applications are discussed. The significance of this work is to provide a concise review summary of the effective strategies and methods of applying MICP to the healing of concrete cracks for researchers and professionals.