How do you know if research ethics and integrity training is effective? - Overview of prior literature

Prior studies indicate that active interventions during REI (research ethics and integrity) training are generally more effective, although no single format significantly outshines others. Still, how can we know whether REI training is effective? We outline measurement tools used in REI training research in the past two decades and pinpoint feasible methods for measuring effectiveness of training. Among the measurement tools, self-assessment is commonly used to gauge participant reactions and perceived learning outcomes. Studies use pre-posttests to assess moral reasoning, knowledge, and ethical awareness, whereas qualitative approaches include methods like grounded theory and thematic analysis. However, data limitations, heterogeneity of training formats, and short intervention durations pose limitations to the measurement. Current measures put insufficient emphasis on behavioral outcomes. We propose a set of systemic recommendations on measuring whether REI training is effective: a holistic measurement approach that combines different methods during multiple measurement points could provide a more comprehensive understanding of training effectiveness.