Vehealth: pervasive RFID-based driver respiration and heart rate monitoring in driving scenarios

The health status of drivers directly affects traffic safety, particularly as fatigue or sudden illness can lead to serious traffic accidents. Existing monitoring methods are challenging to apply effectively in complex in-vehicle environments. This paper presents VeHealth, a wireless in-vehicle monitoring system based on Commercial Off-The-Shelf RFID devices that can continuously monitor respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) in real driving scenarios. The system collects amplitude and phase information from RFID signals through tags installed on the chest, abdomen, and inside the vehicle, utilizing a BPNN-Optuna model for RR and HR predictions. Results based on the experimental data of 14 volunteers show that VeHealth achieves prediction accuracies of 95.8%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$95.8\%$$\end{document} and 97.3%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$97.3\%$$\end{document} for RR and HR, respectively. By designing an optimal RFID antenna layout, the monitoring range is improved, minimizing environmental noise and vehicle interference, thereby validating the system's effectiveness and reliability under various driving conditions.