To address the issues of low efficiency, significant catalyst loss, and membrane contamination in traditional catalytic ozone oxidation treatments of phenol-containing wastewater, ceramic membranes (CMs) loaded with manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) were prepared via an impregnation‒calcination method. The materials were characterized and analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and catalytic ozone oxidation experiments were conducted on phenol-containing wastewater via a custom-built reaction vessel. The characterization results indicated that the loaded ceramic membranes were successfully prepared, and the composite oxide catalysts were loaded on the surface of the CM and inside the membrane pores in a spinel-like manner and were uniformly distributed. In addition, the parameters for MnFe2O4/CM were optimized for the treatment of phenolic wastewater. The results indicated that the degradation efficiency of phenol reached 92.38% when the O3 inlet concentration was 100 mg/L, the phenol concentration was 30 mg/L, the pH was 9.0, and the mass fraction of loaded MnFe2O4 was 9 wt%. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation rate significantly changed after conducting free radical shielding experiments in this system, suggesting that the generation of ∙OH is a key factor in the removal of phenol-containing wastewater; After five repetitions of the experiment, the COD degradation effect still reached 88.03%, and the membrane flux was 93.29% of the original membrane flux, which effectively mitigated the issues caused by the loss of catalysts and membrane contamination, and the degradation effect could still reach the expected level.