Sensitivity of associative priming to semantic relations: Insights from behavior and event-related potentials

The priming effects have raised significant concerns. Previous research has solely focused on the priming of individual items, where both the prime and the target are single items. This study innovatively examines the priming effect for pairs and also considers the pair type for the target. In this experiment, the semantic relations of the prime and target pairs were categorized into thematic, taxonomic, and unrelated cases. The prime pairs were considered new, while the target pairs consisted of intact, rearranged, and "old + new" pairs. Behaviorally, we found that the priming effects were more pronounced when considering thematic relations compared to taxonomic relations. This indicates a stronger unitization between the items in taxonomic relations. Neurally, the N300 and N400 amplitudes were significantly larger for thematic relations compared to taxonomic relations. These results suggest that both object identification and semantic processing were more influenced by the semantic relation within the pairs. Moreover, we observed that the pair type exhibited distinct patterns in the ERP priming effect across different semantic relations. This indicates that semantic priming and repetition priming of associative pairs result in different effects.