Recent advances in cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cell

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as a clean and efficient energy conversion device has a good future development prospect. However, the traditional high-temperature operation temperature limits its commercialization, and low-temperature has become an inevitable trend for its development. When the operation temperature is lowered, the selection of cathode materials has become crucial. In this paper, materials that have been popular in recent research are reviewed, including manganese-based, cobalt-based, and non-cobalt-based perovskite materials; double perovskite and Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) perovskite materials. This article provides a comprehensive review of cathode materials for SOFC, categorizing them based on material structure and B-site elements. The physicochemical properties, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, fabrication methods, and modification strategies to address current developmental challenges are discussed for each type of cathode material. Additionally, the research on the first-principles calculations was summarized.