Direct writing and modulating of diverse micro/nanostructures on glass substrate by using femtosecond laser

In this work, the morphological changing processes of directly written micro/nanostructures from ablated trenches to raised wires and dome-shaped nanostructures on the glass substrate were systematically presented and investigated by using a femtosecond laser. The dome-shaped nanostructures with diameters of about 400 nm were fabricated. The results showed that each dome-shaped nanostructure was generated by a single pulse, the raised wires were composed of melts resulted from crowding and breaking of dome-shaped nanostructures, and the trenches were fabricated by the ablation and removal of raised wires at high irradiating energy. This work is a visualization for mechanism of fabricating glass micro/nanostructures in femtosecond laser direct writing process, and also provides evidences for fabricating micro/nanostructures on glass materials by using laser induced equal material manufacturing.