Associations of Lifestyle Behaviors with Anxiety and Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety and depression, as well as the associations of lifestyle behaviors with anxiety and depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with hypertension. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hunan Province of China, with 475 participants included. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle behaviors, and disease-related characteristics were collected. Anxiety and depression were assessed using self-report questionnaires. This study indicated that the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 37.47% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 33.37-42.07%) and 40.63% (95% CI: 36.43-45.26%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that playing cards or mahjong (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.46 [95% CI: 0.28-0.76] and aOR = 0.57 [95% CI: 0.34-0.94] for anxiety and depression, respectively) and performing physical activity for > 30 min per day (aOR = 0.32 [95% CI: 0.19-0.52] and aOR = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.14-0.38] for anxiety and depression, respectively) were associated with lower odds of both anxiety and depression, while reading books or newspapers (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.93) were associated with lower odds of anxiety alone. Therefore, regular reading, social activities and physical activities can be considered as intervention targets for the prevention and management of anxiety and depression in T2DM patients with hypertension.