The non-linear relationship between the visceral adiposity index and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes

Background The visceral adiposity index is a valuable tool for assessing visceral fat accumulation. However, its non-linear association with prediabetes and diabetes requires further elucidation. Therefore, we aim to clarify the intricate interplay between the visceral adiposity index and these dysglycemic conditions.Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 1999 to 2018 was utilized to analyze health data from 24,072 participants. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to evaluate the independent association between the visceral adiposity index and prediabetes and diabetes while considering potential confounding factors. Generalized additive models were used to identify any non-linear relationships by fitting smooth curves. Additionally, a stratified analysis based on different baseline characteristics was conducted, along with an interactive analysis.Results After accounting for all relevant variables, individuals in the lowest quartile of the visceral adiposity index had a notably diminished likelihood of progressing to prediabetes and diabetes when compared with those in the other three quartiles. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were as follows: 1.37 (1.23, 1.53), 1.87 (1.65, 2.12), and 2.80 (2.33, 3.37). More importantly, a non-linear association was observed between the visceral adiposity index and prediabetes and diabetes, with a threshold identified at 2.10.Conclusions There exists a notable and positive association between the visceral adiposity index and prediabetes and diabetes, displaying non-linear attributes in this evaluation of the relationship. Risk assessment and early prevention strategies targeting the maintenance of low levels of visceral adiposity index may substantially diminish the likelihood of developing prediabetes and diabetes.