PTME: A Regular Expression Matching Engine Based on Speculation and Enumerative Computation on FPGA

Fast regular expression matching is an essential task for deep packet inspection. In previous works, the regular expression matching engine on FPGA struggled to achieve an ideal balance between resource consumption and throughput. Speculation and enumerative computation exploits the statistical properties of deterministic finite automata, allowing for more efficient pattern matching. Existing related designs mostly revolve around vector instructions and multiple processors/cores or SIMD instruction sets, with a lack of implementation on FPGA platforms. We design a parallelized two-character matching engine on FPGA for efficiently fast filtering off fields with no pattern features. We transform the state transitions with sequential dependencies to the existing problem of elements in one set, enabling the proposed design to achieve high throughput with low resource consumption and support dynamic updates. Results show that compared with the traditional DFA matching, with a maximum resource consumption of 25% for on-chip FFs (74323/1045440) and LUTs (123902/522720), there is an improvement in throughput of 8.08-229.96x speedup and 87.61-99.56% speed-up(percentage improvement) for normal traffic, and 11.73-39.59x speedup and 91.47-97.47% speed-up(percentage improvement) for traffic with high-frequency match hits. Compared with the state-of-the-art similar implementation, our circuit on a single FPGA chip is superior to existing multi-core designs.