Insight into bioactive glass and bio-ceramics uses: unveiling recent advances for biomedical application

Bioactive materials are becoming progressively essential owing to the rising necessity for substances proficient in facilitating the regeneration of both hard and soft tissue, a phenomenon largely influenced by the ageing demographics worldwide. Bioactive glasses within the CaO–MgO–Na2O–P2O5–SiO2–CaF2 system hold significant promise for bone and dental restoration. Researchers have extensively explored the development of materials that possess a combination of desirable properties, including adequate mechanical performance for specific applications, excellent biocompatibility, and a favourable biological response to facilitate damaged tissue regeneration. Among various material classes, bioceramics and bioactive glass have demonstrated superior biological properties. Hydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphates have been widely utilized in dentistry and orthopaedic surgery due to their exceptional biocompatibility, osteoconduction, and osseointegration. Bioactive glasses have also garnered significant attention for their ability to bond with both hard and soft tissues, their potential antibacterial effects, and their capacity to stimulate new tissue formation. This review article collection focuses on recent advancements in novel bioactive glass and bioceramic-based composite materials. Additionally, this review will summarize the biomedical applications of bioactive glass (BG) and bioceramics in tissue regeneration and outline future challenges and opportunities for its clinical translation.