Understanding M-learning app adoption: an integrated model for college students in Vietnam

This study investigates factors influencing college students' adoption of mobile learning (m-learning) applications by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A survey of 504 students across Vietnam was analyzed using SEM in LISREL 12.0. Results show that information richness significantly enhances perceived usefulness and ease of use, promoting positive adoption attitudes. Peer relationships and subjective norms strongly influence both attitudes and intentions, highlighting the importance of social factors. However, legal awareness does not significantly affect attitudes, suggesting limited concern for digital ethics in educational contexts. While behavioral intentions predict actual usage, external factors may weaken this relationship. The study extends TAM and TPB by incorporating cognitive, social, and external variables, offering a more comprehensive model of m-learning adoption. Practical implications include improving content quality, leveraging peer influence, and raising awareness about digital responsibility. These findings provide valuable insights for educators and developers aiming to enhance m-learning engagement in higher education.