The Carbon Sequestration Potential of Skyscraper Greenery: A Bibliometric Review (2003-2023)

Nature-based solutions (NBS) encompass a diverse range of ecosystem-based strategies aimed at addressing urban sustainability challenges. Among these, skyscraper greenery emerges as a specialized application of NBS, integrating vertical vegetation systems into high-rise architecture to enhance carbon sequestration, mitigate urban heat islands, and improve air quality. By extending NBS principles into the vertical dimension of cities, this approach offers a scalable solution for climate adaptation in high-density urban environments. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of skyscraper greenery research from 2003 to 2023, employing advanced tools such as CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to assess publication trends, elucidate key research themes, and identify prevailing knowledge gaps. The findings underscore the environmental benefits of skyscraper greenery, including its role in alleviating the urban heat island effect, improving air quality, and enhancing urban biodiversity. Additionally, economic advantages, such as reductions in energy consumption and operational costs, further highlight its multifaceted utility. Carbon sequestration within skyscraper greenery primarily occurs through vegetation's photosynthetic processes, which are influenced by plant species, substrate composition, and system design. Thermal performance, ecosystem services, and biodiversity emerge as pivotal themes driving research in this domain. However, the field faces persistent challenges, including inconsistent methodologies for measuring carbon sequestration, a lack of technical standards, and limited public awareness. Future studies must prioritize the standardization of carbon measurement protocols, optimization of plant and substrate selection, and integration of skyscraper greenery within comprehensive urban sustainability frameworks. Addressing socio-economic barriers and enhancing policy incentives will be essential for widespread adoption. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of skyscraper greenery as a multifunctional strategy for climate mitigation, advancing resilient, low-carbon, and sustainable urban environments.