Symmetry/asymmetry within a cylindrical lattice model of nuclear structure predicts cosmic abundance/scarcity

被引:0
作者
Walsh, Ray [1 ]
机构
[1] Coll Western Idaho, Chem Dept, Nampa, ID 83687 USA
来源
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS | 2025年 / 9卷 / 02期
关键词
isotopic abundance; nuclear structure; cylindrical lattice; alternating nucleon; Coulomb barrier; nuclear steric selection; nuclear reactions; SYMMETRY; SHAPE;
D O I
10.1088/2399-6528/adb36f
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
Protons and neutrons are the smallest forms of matter with measurable size, and each nucleon has a mix of three up (+2/3) and down (-1/3) quarks. Quarks are treated as point-like particles within polygon-based geometries in order to model the structures of stable nuclides through Ar-36. The model derives ab initio from the proton's radius (r = 0.8414 fm), the hadron's prolate spheroid shape (from the transition to the nucleon's first excited state (the triangle(1232) resonance), and the separation distance between bound nucleons (approximate to 0.8 fm, from the Argonne v18 NN potential). The spatial extent of the prolate spheroid nucleon is assumed to arise from its three quarks, which implies a qualitatively linear quark sequence. Spin-spin forces repel the two like-flavored quarks to opposite ends of the prolate nucleon leaving the unlike quark in the middle. It then follows that the quark-to-quark distance within the nucleon corresponds to the nucleon's radius. Nucleons link by quark-to-quark interactions to form proton-neutron short-range correlated pairs (pn SRCs), separated by a distance assumed equivalent to the proton's radius. Alternating nucleons thus produce regularly alternating up/down point-like quark sequences. We contemplate various structures for each stable nuclide through Ar-18(36) and include the one whose calculated rotational radius (derived from the radius formula of a regular polygon) best correlates with its IAEA-accepted charge radius (r(31) = .98, p<.001). Nucleon alternation inherently makes pn SRC pairs, and produces the observed equal numbers of protons and neutrons (Z = N) found within isotopes He,C-4(2),(12)(6) N,(14)(7) O,(16)(8) Ne,(20)(10) Mg,(24)(12) Si,(28)(14) and S-16(32) , which together comprise 99.5% of nonhydrogen baryonic matter. Bilateral structural symmetry emerges as a sensitive and specific predictor of cosmic abundance. Opposing deuteron-deuteron' alternating quark charge sequences produce alternating and unequal electromagnetic fields shown capable of modelling the close-range attraction and far-range repulsion of the fusion potential curve and Coulomb potential energy barrier.
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页数:15
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