EFFECTIVE IN VITRO REGENERATION SYSTEMS FROM LEAF EXPLANTS FOR COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT PEAR CULTIVARS (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.)

Breeding Programs are focused on creating new improved cultivars and rootstocks of pears. One of the disadvantages of creating new pear cultivars is the long duration of the breeding process. One of the modern methods that can significantly speed up the breeding process is genetic transformation. One of the possible and most frequently used methodological approaches for the introduction of genetic constructions into the genome is agrobacterial transformation. The transformation was achieved by using various types of explants for pear (Pyrus communis L.), but its effectiveness depended very much on the cultivar. High regeneration frequency values were not always reproducible. This is due to the fact that the organogenesis of pear leaves is influenced by a large number of factors. To solve this problem, we have collected and summarized detailed information on the effect of explant orientation, optimal compositions of culture media, concentration of growth regulators and antibiotics for the main commercial pear cultivars grown worldwide. For the first time, optimal protocol parameters have been collected to create effective In vitro regeneration systems for the main commercially important pear cultivars. The summarized results of this review will be useful in the development of future genetic transformation trials for commercially significant cultivars and for the application of basic NGTs for the genetic improvement of pears.