Serum zinc level and its association with pulmonary tuberculosis

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), a global health problem, affects millions of people annually and has significant mortality rates. Zinc (Zn) plays a crucial role in immune function and may impact the outcomes of TB. Studies have shown that TB patients often have lower serum Zn levels, which improve with treatment and improved nutrition. Combining Zn supplements with anti-TB therapy has shown promise in reducing mortality, especially in those who are co-infected. Objectives: This study aimed to assess serum Zn levels in healthy individuals and those with pulmonary TB, considering various parameters. Patients and Methods: This case-control study focused on individuals aged 16 and older who were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB and referred to the TB clinic laboratory in Arak, Iran. The case group consisted of 32 individuals, and an equal number formed the control group. Diagnosis of active pulmonary TB was based on specific parameters, and patients received treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide drugs, with the dosage adjusted according to their weight. Results: Regardless of age and gender, pulmonary TB patients with normal and high body mass index (BMI), as well as those with low to moderate income, exhibited lower serum Zn levels in compared to the control group. No significant correlation was observed between the disease stage and serum Zn levels. However, in individuals older than 65 years, particularly women and men with low-BMI, moderate income, and those in the initial disease stage, anti-TB treatment led to a significant increase in serum Zn levels. The findings of the study highlight the decrease in serum Zn levels in patients with pulmonary TB. Conclusion: The present study indicates that, individuals with pulmonary TB, especially those with specific demographic and health characteristics, may have lower serum Zn levels. Treatment for TB may lead to increased Zn levels in specific groups of patients.