Association Between HIV Infection and Oral Papillary Tumors: A Case Report

Introduction: Papillary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a relatively uncommon subtype of OSCC characterized by its exophytic growth pattern and distinct histological appearance. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection predisposes individuals to an increased risk of oral malignancies, including OSCC, due to the associated immunosuppression. The identification of papillary squamous cell carcinoma alongside incidentally discovered HIV infection highlights the necessity for comprehensive assessment in individuals presenting with oral malignancies, particularly those who are immunocompromised. The incidental detection of HIV infection underscores the imperative for rigorous diagnostic evaluation and the implementation of interdisciplinary management approaches tailored to the specific needs of the patient. Enhanced attention to both oncological and infectious disease aspects is essential for achieving optimal patient care and outcomes in such complex clinical contexts. Case Presentation: A 48-year-old male patient presented with a progressively growing lesion in the left lower jaw and buccal region over the past three months. Remarkably, during examination, incidental findings revealed the presence of HIV infection. Based on the histopathological analysis and correlation with clinical data, the final diagnosis of papillary squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed. Management and Prognosis: Following the incisional biopsy findings, a recommendation for wide surgical excision was made after advanced imaging studies. Additionally, HIV testing, including antigen-antibody titres values, was advised as part of the patient's comprehensive management plan. Clinical Implications: This case underscores the need to consider oral malignancies, such as papillary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in HIV-positive individuals due to immunosuppression. Incidental discovery of OSCC in an HIV- positive patient highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation and tailored management strategies, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration for optimal patient care. Regular screening for oral malignancies should be integrated into routine healthcare management for HIV-positive individuals.