Sensor-based prevention of falls and pressure ulcers: A scoping review

Purpose: Falls and pressure ulcers are serious complications impacting care quality in nursing homes. Sensor technologies can help prevent these adverse events through continuous monitoring and timely intervention. This scoping review, following JBI guidelines, evaluated the effects of sensor-based fall and pressure ulcer prevention in long-term care and the experiences of patients and healthcare professionals. Methods: The review included primary studies, reviews, and protocols published from 2014 to 2023. Screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal were conducted independently by two authors using MMAT and JBI tools. Results: A total of 31 studies were included: 22 on fall prevention, eight on pressure ulcer prevention, and one addressing both. User-based sensors were effective in preventing both falls and pressure ulcers. Accelerometers enhanced sensitivity for fall detection and adherence to repositioning protocols. Context-based sensors, such as Doppler, webcams, and Kinect, showed variable precision and false alarm rates, while range sensors demonstrated high precision. Context-based accelerometers were promising for pressure ulcer prevention, but pressure sensors provided inconsistent data. Additional manual assessments enhanced sensor data accuracy. Patients preferred non-obtrusive, user-friendly sensors, while healthcare professionals emphasized the need for seamless integration into care routines. Both groups valued real-time monitoring and alert capabilities, though privacy and data security remained concerns. Conclusions: Sensor technologies show potential in enhancing patient safety and care quality in long-term care, though further refinement is needed for context-based sensors in pressure ulcer prevention. Integrating these technologies with standard care can improve outcomes, but addressing privacy and ethical issues is essential for broader acceptance.