Progress in the Research and Application of High-Capacity Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Alloy Materials

With the rapid advancement of the hydrogen energy industry in recent years, Mg-based solid hydrogen storage materials and their associated storage and transportation systems have garnered significant global attention, leading to numerous groundbreaking studies and remarkable progresses. In the field of material design, high-performance nano Mg-based hydrogen storage materials and modified Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys have significantly enhanced the thermodynamic stability and kinetic properties of Mg and its hydrides. These advancements enable rapid hydrogen absorption and desorption at moderate or even room temperatures, paving the way for cost-effective applications. In terms of system development, the structural design and operational parameters of Mg-based solid hydrogen storage systems have been optimized through advanced simulation techniques and innovative design strategies, thus efficient thermal management of the storage system is achieved. In terms of engineering applications, the world's first ton-level Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage and transportation trailer has been successfully launched. Additionally, multiple demonstration projects, including Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage systems and hydrogen refueling stations, have been initiated worldwide. This paper reviews the significant research advancements in Mg-based hydrogen storage materials, focusing on four key areas: nanocrystallization, alloying, system development, and demonstration applications. It also summarizes relevant engineering demonstrations and applications in hydrogen energy storage and transportation, providing suggestions for the future research directions and potential applications.