Anxiety and depression among reproductive-aged women in Bangladesh: burden, determinants, and care-seeking practices based on a nationally representative demographic and health survey

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, determinants, and care-seeking practices for anxiety and depression among reproductive-aged women in Bangladesh. Methods We utilized data from the 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, with a total weighted sample of 20,029 women aged 15-49. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale, respectively. Prevalence was reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify associated factors, and the results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% CI. Results Among women, 4% (95% CI: 3.9%, 4.9%) had symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety, and 5% had moderate to severe depression. The prevalence of both symptoms was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Khulna, Rangpur, and Sylhet. Older women (45-49 years) (anxiety: AOR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.50; depression: AOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.31) and women who made all major household decisions (anxiety: AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.69; depression: AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.80) were more likely to experience moderate to severe anxiety and depression. Among women with symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety or depression, 22% (95% CI: 19.9%, 25.0%) sought care, and 8% (95% CI: 6.6%, 10.1%) used medication. Conclusion The findings highlight a significant burden of anxiety and depression among women in Bangladesh, with notable regional disparities. These insights underscore the need for targeted interventions to address regional disparities, support vulnerable groups such as older women and those involved in household decision-making, and integrate mental health services into primary healthcare for better mental well-being among women in Bangladesh.