Synthesis and multilayer hollow core-shell engineering of N-doped C@ZnFe2O4@polypyrrole microspheres with high performance microwave absorbing performance

Electromagnetic wave absorbers are materials that effectively absorb and attenuate electromagnetic waves, thereby reducing the impact of electromagnetic radiation on the environment and human health. In this study, doped C@ZnFe2O4@PPy (NCZP) composites are successfully synthesized with a hollow bilayer core-shell structure using a combination of the space-limited domain template method and the solvent-thermal method. This approach allowes for precise tuning of the composite's composition and microstructure. The multilayer hollow core-shell structure enhances loss capability and broadens the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). The amorphous/crystalline interface between adjacent shell layers creates differential charge alignment regions that induce polarization relaxation. The synergistic impedance matching of magnetic media enables NCZP-2 exhibit strong absorption (3.3 mm,-63.02 dB) and a wide EAB (2 mm, 5.44 GHz). In addition, the next radar cross section (RCS) in actual far-field environment is simulated. The results indicate that the maximum RCS attenuation value of a PEC plate covered by NCZP-2 can reach-24.37 dBm2, demonstrating effective electromagnetic wave absorption, energy conversion, and promising radar wave attenuation performance for practical applications.