Augmented reality for lower limb motor rehabilitation in stroke survivors: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Objectives: This review aims to examine the influences of augmented reality on lower limb motor function in stroke survivors, assess the quality of the available literature, identify the optimal treatment protocol, and provide recommendations for future research. Materials & methods: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, PEDro, CINAHL, and Web of Science have been searched from inception to January 2024. Randomized controlled trials that included stroke survivors, administered augmented reality, compared with active or passive control interventions, and included at least one outcome measure assessing lower limb motor function were included in this review. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results: Five studies met the eligibility criteria. A total of 135 stroke survivors (Mean age = 55.96 years) were included in this review. The included studies were categorized as "good quality" on the PEDro scale. Despite augmented reality having a positive effect on improving lower limb motor function in stroke survivors, this improvement was not superior to conventional physiotherapy interventions. Conclusions: The evidence for the effects of augmented reality on lower limb motor function in stroke survivors is limited. Further studies are strongly needed to understand the effects of augmented reality in stroke rehabilitation.