Alcohol consumption trajectories and associated factors in adult women: the Norwegian Women and Cancer study

Aims: We described the age-specific trajectories of total alcohol consumption and the consumption of different types of beverages among adult Norwegian women as they age, and how these relate to education, lifestyle, and health-related factors. Methods: This study included 76 382 women aged 31-70 years who participated in at least two of the three Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study surveys conducted in 1991-97, 1998-2003, and 2004-11. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify the trajectories of self-reported alcohol consumption. Multinomial regression models were used to fit the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the associations between education, lifestyle, health-related factors, and the trajectory membership. Analysis was stratified into two subcohorts: women aged 31-49 years and women aged 50-70 years at enrolment. Results: Five different trajectories of total alcohol consumption were identified among the two subcohorts: non-drinker stable (12.5%-23.6%), low stable (66.3%-60.1%), light increasing or light unstable (17.8%-12.1%), moderate to high or light to high (2.8%-2.7%), and high to moderate or moderate decreasing (.6%-1.4%). Trajectories were resembled by those of wine consumption. Compared to low stable drinkers, women who sustained or increased their total alcohol consumption showed higher ORs for higher education level, excellent self-rated health, former or current smoking status, and a body mass index (BMI) below 25 kg/m2. Conclusion: While most women in this study maintained stable low-light levels of alcohol consumption, certain groups-such as women with higher education and better health-were more likely to increase their drinking with age. Women can particularly increase their drinking around the retirement age. The increasing trends of total alcohol consumption were reflected by those of wine. These findings provide information into groups and beverages that could be targeted in alcohol-reducing interventions.