Precise Synthesis of Single-Atom Catalysts for Boosting Next-Generation Advanced Oxidation and Reduction Processes in Sustainable Energy Applications

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) demonstrate high selectivity, maximal atom utilization, and unique active site configurations, establishing them as a rapidly expanding research field. Understanding the intrinsic relationship between structure and catalytic performance is crucial for the effective use of SACs in catalysis. However, providing a clear explanation of the coordination environment and intrinsic structural regulation of SACs remains a significant challenge for next-generation renewable energy materials, especially in advanced oxidation and reduction processes critical for sustainable energy applications. This comprehensive review offers an in-depth overview of the current progress and design of SACs, with a specific focus on precise synthesis, structural control, and the relationship between structure and performance. Furthermore, we elucidate the reaction mechanisms of various catalytic systems and the selective methods used to precisely synthesize and enhance catalytic reactions in the sustainable energy sector. Finally, this review explores the complex challenges in investigating and developing SACs and offers a perspective on solutions in advanced oxidation and reduction technologies for future research to overcome these challenges and achieve practical applications.