Kantian Patriotism

The article considers a paradoxical, at first glance, question - does the social andpolitical philosophy of Immanuel Kant allow patriotism as a duty. The fact isthat Kant is widely considered an icon of cosmopolitanism. His "cosmopolitan-ism" was reflected in such works as "Idea for a Universal History from a Cos-mopolitan Purpose" (1784), and later, with adjustments, in "Toward PerpetualPeace" (1795) and "Metaphysics of Morals" (1797). Considering that manyphilosophers reject patriotism on ethical grounds, believing that it cannot beavirtue, even more strange it may seem to pose the problem of "Kantian patriot-ism". Nevertheless, modern researchers of Kant's philosophy are trying to under-stand how his views can be combined with patriotism. In particular, this topicwas raised several times (in 2000 and in 2003) by Pauline Kleingeld, a re-searcher of ethics and philosophy of Kant. To answer the question of whetherpatriotism is obligatory, permissible, or even harmful for Kant's philosophy, shefirst described three types of patriotism - civic, nationalist, and patriotism basedon the unique characteristics of the country, Kleingeld has done a lot of philo-sophical work, because now Kant's social and philosophical concept can amongother things be considered patriotic.