Effects of aerobic exercise on concussion-related symptoms: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundA concussion is a head injury that temporarily affects the brain and results in various symptoms affecting an individual's functioning. Aerobic exercise has the potential to aid in recovery after traumatic brain injury. This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of independent aerobic exercise on concussion-related symptoms, define the appropriate timing and optimal treatment parameters, and provide future recommendations for future research.Methods'PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science' databases were searched from inception to February 15, 2024. The methodological quality of the studies included was judged using the 'Cochrane Collaboration tool.'ResultsIn total, nine randomized controlled trials (n = 346), with 45% of participants being females, were involved in this analysis. Seven studies were classified as having 'high' quality, and two were categorized as 'moderate' quality according to the 'Cochrane Collaboration tool.' High-to-moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may improve concussion-related symptoms, especially if administered early in the acute stage of concussion.ConclusionsThe evidence supporting aerobic exercise for concussion-related symptoms is promising. Starting aerobic exercise when patients are medically stable might improve concussion-related symptoms. Regular supervised 20-minute high-to-moderate-intensity aerobic exercise sessions, 3-5 times a week in a safe and controlled environment, may alleviate concussion-related symptoms.