Constraining the Origin of the Nanohertz Gravitational-wave Background by Pulsar Timing Array Observations of Both the Background and Individual Supermassive Binary Black Holes

被引：6

作者：

Chen, Yunfeng ^{[1
,2
]}

Yu, Qingjuan ^{[3
]}

Lu, Youjun ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Astron & Space Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China

[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China

[3] Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2024年 / 974卷 / 02期

基金：

中国国家自然科学基金;

关键词：

DATA SET SEARCH; SCALING RELATIONS; COSMIC EVOLUTION; RADIATION; GALAXIES; SYSTEMS; LIMITS;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-4357/ad7582

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) have long been sought by pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments, in the forms of both a stochastic GW background (GWB) and individual sources. Evidence for a GWB was reported recently by several PTAs with origins to be determined. Here we use a BBH population synthesis model to investigate the detection probability of individual BBHs by the Chinese PTA (CPTA) and the constraint on the GWB origin that may be obtained by PTA observations of both GWB and individual BBHs. If the detected GWB signal is entirely due to BBHs, a significantly positive redshift evolution (proportional to (1 + z)(2.07)) of the mass scaling relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies is required. In this case, we find that the detection probability of individual BBHs is similar to 85% or 64% if using a period of 3.4 yr of CPTA observation data, with an expectation of similar to 1.9 or 1.0 BBHs detectable with a signal-to-noise ratio >= 3 or 5, and it is expected to increase to >95% if the observation period is extended to 5 yr or longer. Even if the contribution from BBHs to the GWB power signal is as small as similar to 10%, a positive detection of individual BBHs can still be expected within an observation period of similar to 10 yr. A nondetection of individual BBHs within several years from now jointly with the detected GWB signal can put a strong constraint on the upper limit of the BBH contribution to the GWB signal and help identify/falsify a cosmological origin.

引用

页数：8

共 47 条

[1] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics [J].

Afzal, Adeela ;

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash M. ;

Archibald, Anne ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven T. ;

Baker, Paul ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blanco-Pillado, Jose Juan ;

Blecha, Laura K. ;

Boddy, Kimberly ;

Brazier, Adam R. ;

Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina D. ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler M. ;

Cordes, James J. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn J. ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

DeCesar, Megan ;

DeGan, Dallas B. ;

Demorest, Paul ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

von Eckardstein, Richard C. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel E. ;

Freedman, Gabriel ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate A. ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle ;

Glaser, Joseph C. ;

Good, Deborah ;

Guertin, Lydia ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan S. ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Islo, Kristina J. ;

Jennings, Ross D. ;

Johnson, Aaron L. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[2] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Bonilla, Alexander ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda D. ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

D'Orazio, Daniel J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

DeGan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Gardiner, Emiko ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gultekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey ;

Hourihane, Sophie J. ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross L. ;

Johnson, Aaron ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 952 (02)

[3] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Digman, Matthew C. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lewandowska, Natalia ;

Liu, Tingting .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (02)

[4] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda D. ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

DeGan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ellis, Justin A. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[5] The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: III. Search for gravitational wave signals [J].

不详 .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2023, 678

[6] The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array IV. Implications for massive black holes, dark matter, and the early Universe [J].

Antoniadis, J. ;

Arumugam, P. ;

Arumugam, S. ;

Babak, S. ;

Bagchi, M. ;

Nielsen, A. -S. Bak ;

Bassa, C. G. ;

Bathula, A. ;

Berthereau, A. ;

Bonetti, M. ;

Bortolas, E. ;

Brook, P. R. ;

Burgay, M. ;

Caballero, R. N. ;

Chalumeau, A. ;

Champion, D. J. ;

Chanlaridis, S. ;

Chen, S. ;

Cognard, I. ;

Dandapat, S. ;

Deb, D. ;

Desai, S. ;

Desvignes, G. ;

Dhanda-Batra, N. ;

Dwivedi, C. ;

Falxa, M. ;

Ferdman, R. D. ;

Franchini, A. ;

Gair, J. R. ;

Goncharov, B. ;

Gopakumar, A. ;

Graikou, E. ;

Griessmeier, J. -M. ;

Gualandris, A. ;

Guillemot, L. ;

Guo, Y. J. ;

Gupta, Y. ;

Hisano, S. ;

Hu, H. ;

Iraci, F. ;

Izquierdo-Villalba, D. ;

Jang, J. ;

Jawor, J. ;

Janssen, G. H. ;

Jessner, A. ;

Joshi, B. C. ;

Kareem, F. ;

Karuppusamy, R. ;

Keane, E. F. ;

Keith, M. J. .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2024, 685

[7] The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Search for an Isotropic Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Blumer, Harsha ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Ellis, Justin A. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Garver-Daniels, Nathan ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Holgado, A. Miguel ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Key, Joey Shapiro ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael F. ;

Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lorimer, Duncan R. ;

Luo, Jing ;

Lynch, Ryan S. ;

Madison, Dustin R. ;

McLaughlin, Nlaura A. ;

Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. ;

Ng, Cherry ;

Nice, David J. ;

Pennucci, Timothy T. ;

Pol, Nihan S. ;

Ransom, Scott M. ;

Ray, Paul S. ;

Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. ;

Siemens, Xavier ;

Simon, Joseph .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2020, 905 (02)

[8] How to Detect an Astrophysical Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Background [J].

Becsy, Bence ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Meyers, Patrick M. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Decesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

W. Lazio, T. Joseph ;

Lewandowska, Natalia ;

Littenberg, Tyson B. ;

Liu, Tingting .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2023, 959 (01)

[9] MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE BINARIES IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI [J].

BEGELMAN, MC ;

BLANDFORD, RD ;

REES, MJ .

NATURE, 1980, 287 (5780) :307-309

[10] UNIVERSEMACHINE: The correlation between galaxy growth and dark matter halo assembly from z=0-10 [J].

Behroozi, Peter ;

Wechsler, Risa H. ;

Hearin, Andrew P. ;

Conroy, Charlie .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2019, 488 (03) :3143-3194

← 1 2 3 4 5 →

共 47 条

[1] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics [J].

Afzal, Adeela ;

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash M. ;

Archibald, Anne ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven T. ;

Baker, Paul ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blanco-Pillado, Jose Juan ;

Blecha, Laura K. ;

Boddy, Kimberly ;

Brazier, Adam R. ;

Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina D. ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler M. ;

Cordes, James J. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn J. ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

DeCesar, Megan ;

DeGan, Dallas B. ;

Demorest, Paul ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

von Eckardstein, Richard C. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel E. ;

Freedman, Gabriel ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate A. ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle ;

Glaser, Joseph C. ;

Good, Deborah ;

Guertin, Lydia ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan S. ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Islo, Kristina J. ;

Jennings, Ross D. ;

Johnson, Aaron L. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[2] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Bonilla, Alexander ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda D. ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt E. ;

D'Orazio, Daniel J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

DeGan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Gardiner, Emiko ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gultekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey ;

Hourihane, Sophie J. ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross L. ;

Johnson, Aaron ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 952 (02)

[3] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Case, Robin ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Digman, Matthew C. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lewandowska, Natalia ;

Liu, Tingting .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (02)

[4] The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Burnette, Rand ;

Case, Robin ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cheeseboro, Belinda D. ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Cutler, Curt J. ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

DeGan, Dallas ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Deng, Heling ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Drachler, Brendan ;

Ellis, Justin A. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Gersbach, Kyle A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 951 (01)

[5] The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array: III. Search for gravitational wave signals [J].

不详 .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2023, 678

[6] The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array IV. Implications for massive black holes, dark matter, and the early Universe [J].

Antoniadis, J. ;

Arumugam, P. ;

Arumugam, S. ;

Babak, S. ;

Bagchi, M. ;

Nielsen, A. -S. Bak ;

Bassa, C. G. ;

Bathula, A. ;

Berthereau, A. ;

Bonetti, M. ;

Bortolas, E. ;

Brook, P. R. ;

Burgay, M. ;

Caballero, R. N. ;

Chalumeau, A. ;

Champion, D. J. ;

Chanlaridis, S. ;

Chen, S. ;

Cognard, I. ;

Dandapat, S. ;

Deb, D. ;

Desai, S. ;

Desvignes, G. ;

Dhanda-Batra, N. ;

Dwivedi, C. ;

Falxa, M. ;

Ferdman, R. D. ;

Franchini, A. ;

Gair, J. R. ;

Goncharov, B. ;

Gopakumar, A. ;

Graikou, E. ;

Griessmeier, J. -M. ;

Gualandris, A. ;

Guillemot, L. ;

Guo, Y. J. ;

Gupta, Y. ;

Hisano, S. ;

Hu, H. ;

Iraci, F. ;

Izquierdo-Villalba, D. ;

Jang, J. ;

Jawor, J. ;

Janssen, G. H. ;

Jessner, A. ;

Joshi, B. C. ;

Kareem, F. ;

Karuppusamy, R. ;

Keane, E. F. ;

Keith, M. J. .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2024, 685

[7] The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Search for an Isotropic Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background [J].

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Blumer, Harsha ;

Becsy, Bence ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chen, Siyuan ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

DeCesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Ellis, Justin A. ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Garver-Daniels, Nathan ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Holgado, A. Miguel ;

Islo, Kristina ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Key, Joey Shapiro ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael F. ;

Lazio, T. Joseph W. ;

Lorimer, Duncan R. ;

Luo, Jing ;

Lynch, Ryan S. ;

Madison, Dustin R. ;

McLaughlin, Nlaura A. ;

Mingarelli, Chiara M. F. ;

Ng, Cherry ;

Nice, David J. ;

Pennucci, Timothy T. ;

Pol, Nihan S. ;

Ransom, Scott M. ;

Ray, Paul S. ;

Shapiro-Albert, Brent J. ;

Siemens, Xavier ;

Simon, Joseph .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2020, 905 (02)

[8] How to Detect an Astrophysical Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Background [J].

Becsy, Bence ;

Cornish, Neil J. ;

Meyers, Patrick M. ;

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ;

Agazie, Gabriella ;

Anumarlapudi, Akash ;

Archibald, Anne M. ;

Arzoumanian, Zaven ;

Baker, Paul T. ;

Blecha, Laura ;

Brazier, Adam ;

Brook, Paul R. ;

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ;

Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew ;

Charisi, Maria ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatziioannou, Katerina ;

Cohen, Tyler ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crawford, Fronefield ;

Cromartie, H. Thankful ;

Crowter, Kathryn ;

Decesar, Megan E. ;

Demorest, Paul B. ;

Dolch, Timothy ;

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ;

Fiore, William ;

Fonseca, Emmanuel ;

Freedman, Gabriel E. ;

Garver-Daniels, Nate ;

Gentile, Peter A. ;

Glaser, Joseph ;

Good, Deborah C. ;

Gueltekin, Kayhan ;

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ;

Hourihane, Sophie ;

Jennings, Ross J. ;

Johnson, Aaron D. ;

Jones, Megan L. ;

Kaiser, Andrew R. ;

Kaplan, David L. ;

Kerr, Matthew ;

Key, Joey S. ;

Laal, Nima ;

Lam, Michael T. ;

Lamb, William G. ;

W. Lazio, T. Joseph ;

Lewandowska, Natalia ;

Littenberg, Tyson B. ;

Liu, Tingting .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2023, 959 (01)

[9] MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE BINARIES IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI [J].

BEGELMAN, MC ;

BLANDFORD, RD ;

REES, MJ .

NATURE, 1980, 287 (5780) :307-309

[10] UNIVERSEMACHINE: The correlation between galaxy growth and dark matter halo assembly from z=0-10 [J].

Behroozi, Peter ;

Wechsler, Risa H. ;

Hearin, Andrew P. ;

Conroy, Charlie .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2019, 488 (03) :3143-3194

← 1 2 3 4 5 →