Tibetan Plateau Vortex Activity and Its Relationship With the Tibetan Plateau Summer Monsoon and Precipitation

The unique topography and location of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) often result in extreme weather events, which have led to disastrous consequences for the TP and its downstream regions. The TP summer monsoon (TPSM) and the TP vortex (TPV) play key roles in the transfer and redistribution of water vapour during the summer months on the TP and are increasingly active in summer and disappear in winter. However, it remains uncertain if a relationship between these systems. Understanding the relationship between these two systems is crucial for uncovering precipitation patterns on the TP, improving weather forecasting accuracy and reducing socioeconomic losses resulting from weather-related disasters. On the basis of GLDAS and ERA5 reanalysis data from 1996 to 2022, the relationships between TPVs and the TPSM were explored in terms of their intensity and spatial characteristics, and their impacts on the spatial distributions of precipitation across the TP were examined in this study. The results indicated that the monthly mean TPSM index agreed very well with the TPV in terms of the annual number formed, duration and intensity, especially in July and August. The investigation of the movement of the center of the TPSM from May to October revealed that the center of the TPSM moves westward when the TPV is active and moves eastward when the TPV is less active. In years with a strong TPSM, the precipitation location generated by TPVs was biased toward the east. This finding could be attributed to the greater number of TPV events and the fact that the TPVs in years with a stronger TPSM moved eastward across a greater distance than those in years with a weaker TPSM. These findings highlightthe contribution of the joint relationship between the TPSM and TPV to seasonal circulation changes and could provide a new perspective for the study and prediction of precipitation distributions on the TP.