Regulatory Efforts and Health Implications of Energy Drink Consumption by Minors in Poland

From 1 January 2024, the sale of energy drinks (EDs) containing caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TA) was legally banned in Poland for minors (under age 18 years). EDs pose a significant public health concern, with their consumption steadily rising among young people globally. These beverages are rich in CAF, sugar, and other stimulants, making them particularly attractive to adolescents seeking energy boosts during physical or mental exertion. ED consumption patterns vary based on sociodemographic factors, with gender playing a notable role. The consumption of EDs by children and adolescents has been linked to adverse health effects and risky behaviors, potentially affecting their overall well-being. Excessive ED consumption is a widespread issue, prompting numerous countries to implement regulatory measures, such as sales restrictions for under those under age 18 years, warning labels, and mandatory disclosure of CAF content. This review examines ED consumption among people under age 18 years in Poland, focusing on the associated health and regulatory challenges of the newly introduced sales prohibition. Despite the growing popularity of EDs among young people, Poland lacks systematic studies on their consumption, particularly among children, adolescents, and young adults. Beyond legal restrictions, coordinated health policies and education about the risks of ED consumption and natural alternatives are crucial to addressing this issue. This article aims to review the background to the reasons for the ban of sale of energy drinks to young people in Poland from January 2024.