Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation guided by three-dimensional rotational angiography

Objectives: To describe the workflow and value of three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) in percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI). Background: 3DRA offers visualization of the entire topography in the chest and may enhance safety and reduce the risk for complications in PPVI through improved pre-procedural planning and per-procedural guidance. Methods: All PPVI procedures with the use of 3DRA performed between August 2011 and December 2022 were reviewed. Success rate, complications and radiation dose were assessed. Radiation dose of the latest 3DRA protocol was compared to historical 3DRA data. Results: PPVI was successful in 95 of 102 procedures. Seven procedures were aborted due to coronary compression after balloon testing (n = 3), main pulmonary artery (MPA) oversize (n = 3) and not passing of a Melody valve through a calcified Melody valve in situ (n = 1). PPVI was attempted in 61 homografts, 19 native right ventricular outflow tracts (including transannular patch), 4 previously implanted Melody valves, 2 in previously implanted Sapien valves and 16 in other bioprosthetic valves. A Melody valve was implanted in 43, a Sapien valve in 49 and a Pulsta valve in 1 patient. In 2 patients a Melody as well as a Sapien valve were subsequently implanted. Mean total dose area product (DAP) was 11813 mGycm(2) and 179 mGycm(2)/kg for all attempted PPVI's. For successful PPVI 9835 mGycm(2) and 174 mGycm(2)/kg. After optimizing the 3DRA protocols the mean dose reduced from 12677 mGycm(2) to 8551 mGycm(2) (200 mGycm(2)/kg to 163 mGycm(2)/kg). Four patients experienced one or more complications. There were no deaths peri-procedural or during follow-up. Complications were; need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 2), MPA paravasation (n = 1), valve dysfunction (n = 2). Conclusions: The use of rotational angiography for the guidance of PPVI results in a high success rate, low number of complications with the use of a low amount of radiation.