This study investigates the influence of smart supply chain management on the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2009 to 2022. Our findings reveal a positive association between smart supply chain management and enhanced ESG performance, a relationship consistently supported by various analytical methodologies. Additionally, we find that smart supply chain practices stimulate corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure, contributing to heightened transparency and subsequently bolstering ESG metrics within firms. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that the positive impact of smart supply chain management on ESG performance is particularly notable in firms led by female executives, those offering substantial stock incentives, companies operating in less competitive industries, and organizations situated in regions with strong Confucian influence. Furthermore, this study provides actionable insights for firms seeking to advance their ESG initiatives.