The Geographic Distribution of Vascular Surgeons and Trainees by State in 2023

Background: Approximately 1.4 vascular surgeons/100,000 persons are estimated to fulfill current patient needs in the United States (US), but an ongoing shortage exists. The aims of this study are to provide an updated nationwide state-by-state workforce analysis and compare the distribution of practicing vascular surgeons and training opportunities. Methods: Vascular surgeons in the US were identified using the National Provider Identifier registry in 2023. Only board-certified and actively licensed vascular surgeons were included. To estimate the number of vascular surgery graduates per year in each state, integrated residency and fellowship-matched positions (trainees) were ascertained from the National Resident Matching Program website. Surgeons and trainees were totaled by state, and densities were calculated using the 2020 U.S. Census Bureau state populations. These 2 cohorts were also examined together using simple linear regression and geographic mapping. Results: This study included 3,399 board-certified vascular surgeons and 228 newly matched trainees. The average densities of vascular surgeons and trainees in the US are 1/100,000 persons and 0.06/100,000 persons, respectively. The 5 states with the lowest densities of vascular surgeons are AR, ND, NV, OK, and WY, averaging 0.4/100,000 persons. 8 states (AK, ID, KS, ND, NM, NV, RI, WY) had 0 training programs offering positions in 2023 and ranked in the lowest quartile for the number of practicing vascular surgeons. Simple linear regression demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between state rates of vascular surgeons and trainees (P < 0.001). Conclusions: States with 0 training positions also have the fewest vascular surgeons per capita. Statewide attention to expanding vascular surgery training opportunities targeted in these areas could positively impact the current maldistribution and shortage of vascular surgeons.