Associations between systemic immune-inflammation index and heart failure: A cross-sectional study

The detrimental effects of inflammation on cardiovascular health have received a lot of attention. However, the relationship between heart failure (HF) and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has not been demonstrated. The authors sought to learn more about the relationship between HF and SII in US adults. Adults with complete SII and HF information from the 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participated in the current cross-sectional study. The calculation for SII involved multiplying the platelet count by the neutrophil count and then dividing it by the lymphocyte count. The relationship between SII and HF was studied using multivariate logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, and smoothed curve fitting. A total of 49,471 participants were enrolled in the study, and 1625 patients (3.28%) were diagnosed with HF. In the model that took all relevant factors into account, we observed that for every 100-unit increase in SII, there was a 2% higher likelihood of developing HF (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, P < .0016). Furthermore, we discovered L-shaped associations between SII levels and HF. In subgroups stratified by smoking and diabetes, SII was found to be substantially associated with HF (P < .05). Interaction tests revealed that this positive association was not significantly influenced by gender, age, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes, or hypertension (all P for interaction > 0.05). In US adults, SII and HF had a positive association. Our study suggests that SII may be a convenient and readily available marker for identifying HF.