Sexual intercourse before embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology might enhance probability of pregnancy: An observational study

Background: Modifying the maternal immune system is necessary to facilitate embryo implantation. Modifying the immune system can occur in several ways, including maternal exposure to the partner's seminal plasma. Seminal plasma exposure can occur through sexual intercourse. To prove this theory, we investigate the effect of sexual intercourse on the chances of successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) in both fresh and frozen embryo transfer (ET) groups in terms of biochemical and clinical pregnancy. Methods: This is an observational analytical study with a retrospective cohort study design. This study compared biochemical and clinical pregnancy in patient groups who had sexual inter-course with those who did not have sexual intercourse during the IVF process. This study involved 132 participants. Results: The results of this study reported that there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between patients who had sex before ET and those who did not have sex before ET. However, patients who experience orgasm during sex show significant rates of biochemical (p = 0.009) and clinical pregnancy(p = 0.027) rates. Conclusions: Sexual intercourse did not show a significant difference between the groups who had sex before ET and those who did not have sex, but the experience of orgasm every time they had sex recently had a positive impact on reproductive health, especially pregnancy.