YouTube as a Tool for Medical Education: Analyzing Content Quality and Reliability on Chiari Malformation

BACKGROUND: Chiari malformation is a structural defect in the brain, affecting the cerebellum, brainstem, upper cervical cord, and cranial base, with severe cases involving herniation through the foramen magnum. This condition can significantly impact the patient's quality of life. Given the elective nature of surgical treatment for Chiari 1 malformations, many patients seek supplemental information on YouTube. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, accuracy, reliability, and educational value of YouTube videos on Chiari malformation decompression surgery. METHODS: We selected 77 videos for analysis based on specific criteria such as language, duration, and minimum view count. The selected videos were scored using modified DISCERN, Global Quality Score, and Journal of the American Medical Association criteria. Data regarding the video content and creators were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to assess data normality and the Mann-Whitney U test to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: The overall quality and reliability of YouTube videos on Chiari malformation decompression surgery were found to be moderate. Videos longer than 5 minutes and those featuring a physician had significantly higher scores across all metrics. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need for improved regulation and the promotion of high-quality medical content on online platforms. Healthcare providers should guide patients toward reliable resources and consider collaborating with content creators to enhance the quality of educational materials available online. Improved oversight and quality control on platforms like YouTube can better support patient education and clinical decision-making.