Cerebrospinal fluid leakage following penetrating spinal trauma in a patient with congenital spinal dysraphism: A case report

Introduction: Spinal dysraphism, a congenital condition characterized by vertebral malformations like spina bifida occulta, may lead to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks following a minor trauma. We report a case of a 19- year-old male with congenital spinal dysraphism who developed a CSF leak after a stab wound to the lumbosacral region. Presentation of case: The patient was admitted four days post-injury with CSF leakage, vertigo, and nausea but no neurological deficits. Imaging revealed a dural tear and spina bifida occulta. The combined surgical intervention, including primary closure, dural repair, and medical intervention, was remarkably successful, significantly improving the patient's condition. Discussion: This case underscores the urgent need for early detection and treatment of CSF leaks in patients with congenital spinal dysraphism who experience trauma. Spinal dysraphism can significantly increase the risk of complications following traumatic injuries. The absence of immediate symptoms and underlying anomalies complicates diagnosis and treatment, emphasizing the need for thorough evaluation using imaging studies to identify potential dural defects after spinal trauma. Conclusion: This case highlights the critical relationship between congenital spinal dysraphism, primarily spina bifida occulta, and spinal traumatic injuries. It also highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and early intervention to improve patient outcomes and prevent complications.