Modeling Environmental Impacts of Intensive Shrimp Aquaculture: A Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Ecosystem Approach

Already a multibillion-dollar global industry, shrimp aquaculture, is growing all the time. The intensive method, which is the most common method in shrimp aquaculture, remains commercially challenged due to the expenditures associated with environmental pollution abatement. Although the comprehensive understanding of this intricate aquaculture environment has been advanced using mathematical modeling, recent attempts to improve the model's structure have not yielded enough results. This work upgraded the previous method to a three-dimensional hydrodynamic ecosystem model with the effects of shrimps being replaced by approximation equations for the environmental assessment of a shrimp aquaculture pond in Kyushu District, Japan. Our approach was successful, as demonstrated by the high consistency of the simulation results when compared to observation data and the previous results. Additionally, we first revealed the impacts of stratification and confirmed the notable daily variation in the water quality. Our case study offers significant practical information on the characteristics of intensive shrimp aquaculture, implications for long-term sustainable operations, and future research priorities on local-scale ecosystem modeling.