From lab to fab: solution-processed top electrodes for commercializing perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cell (PSCs), with their high efficiency and low-cost potential, have emerged as a promising alternative in the photovoltaic industry. The attainment of rapid output in large-scale PSC modules requires addressing several critical challenges, with the optimization of the top electrode being of utmost importance. This comprehensive review elucidates recent developments in solution-processed top electrodes for PSCs, analyzing the impact of various electrode materials, architectures, and fabrication techniques on device performance. Through a meticulous examination of the existing reports, effective strategies for enhancing the efficiency of PSCs are delineated, addressing both immediate market demands and broader applications in renewable energy. The insights derived from this review provide invaluable guidance for optimizing top electrodes, which may catalyze significant improvements in the efficiency and stability of PSCs, thereby accelerating their commercialization trajectory. The implications of this study are far-reaching, with the potential to transform the renewable energy landscape through advancements in PSC technology.