Associations of diet and lifestyle with new-onset diabetes and major cardiovascular events: The cardiometabolic disease and cancer cohort (4C) study and mendelian randomization

Background and Aim: At present, there is an absence of a widely accepted model for a healthy diet-lifestyle in China. Therefore, this study aims to provide novel evidence for the development of a healthier diet-lifestyle model specifically tailored to the Chinese population. Methods and Results: Over the 10-year follow-up period of 7612 participants, 545 incident cases of diabetes and 308 incident cases of major cardiovascular events were documented. Cox regression analysis indicated that participants consuming 0-2 servings of milk per week had a reduced risk of diabetes, with a hazard ratio of 0.72 (0.56-0.92). In contrast, coffee consumption was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Moderate consumption of carbonated drinks and fruit drink was linked to a decreased risk of major cardiovascular events. The RCS analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis yielded largely consistent results. Conclusions: These research findings underscore the crucial role of maintaining appropriate dietary and lifestyle habits for overall health in adults.