Quantification of Swelling in Hematite Pellets Reduced Using Hydrogen-Nitrogen Gas Mixture

Iron ore pellets are reduced in a 50%H-2-50%N-2 1 atm gas mixture at 750, 800, 850, 900, and 950 degrees C while simultaneously documenting swelling (change in pellet radius) and weight change. Swelling increases with increasing temperature, with catastrophic swelling (>20% of reduction swelling index) observed at 850, 900, and 950 degrees C. As the pellet is reduced, the pellet radius increases until 40-50% reduction is achieved, followed by a decrease in diameter beyond 40-50% reduction at 750 and 850 degrees C. At 950 degrees C, the pellet radius continues to increase with additional pellet reduction without any subsequent decrease in diameter. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the neighboring grains inside the pellet sinter together at 750 and 850 degrees C, whereas the individual grains sinter internally at 950 degrees C. SEM analysis and observations suggest that the reduction process at 750 and 850 degrees C can be approximated as a topochemical reaction process, while the reduction process at 950 degrees C can no longer be approximated as a topochemical reaction process. An empirical equation for the radius of the pellet is derived with fitting parameters dependent on temperature and the degree of reduction of the pellet undergoing reduction based on the experimental data.