[1] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Sch Nursing, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
[2] Kaohsiung Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Nursing, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
[3] Chang Gung Univ, Coll Med, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
[4] Kaohsiung Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Surg, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
[5] Kaohsiung Med Univ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Med Informat, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
[6] Kaohsiung Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
[7] Asia Univ, Dept Nursing, 500 Lioufeng Rd, Taichung 41354, Taiwan