Gender and Sexuality Awareness in Medical Education and Practice: Mixed Methods Study

Background: The integration of gender and sexuality awareness in health care is increasingly recognized as vital for patientoutcomes. Despite this, there is a notable lack of comprehensive data on the current state of physicians'training and perceptionsin these areas, leading to a gap in targeted educational interventions and optimal health care delivery. Objective: The study's aim was to explore the experiences and perceptions of attending and resident physicians regarding theinclusion of gender and sexuality content in medical school curricula and professional practice in Israel. Methods: This cross-sectional survey targeted a diverse group of physicians across various specializations and experiencelevels. Distributed through Israeli Medical Associations and professional networks, it included sections on experiences withgender and sexuality content, perceptions of knowledge, the impact of medical school curricula on professional capabilities, andviews on integrating gender medicine in medical education. Descriptive and correlational analyses, along with gender-based andmedical status-based comparisons, were used, complemented, and enhanced by qualitative analysis of participants'replies. Results: The survey, encompassing 189 respondents, revealed low-to-moderate exposure to gender and sexuality content inmedical school curricula, with a similar perception of preparedness. A need for more comprehensive training was widely recognized.The majority valued training in these areas for enhancing professional capabilities, identifying 10 essential gender-relatedknowledge areas. The preference for integrating gender medicine throughout medical education was significant. Gender-basedanalysis indicated variations in exposure and perceptions Conclusions: The study highlights a crucial need for the inclusion of gender and sexuality awareness in medical education andpractice. It suggests the necessity for curriculum development, targeted training programs, policy advocacy, mentorship initiatives,and research to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions. The findings serve as a foundation for future directions in medicaleducation, aiming for a more inclusive, aware, and prepared medical workforce