Advancements in nano-engineering of cement and concrete: a comprehensive review

This comprehensive review highlights the transformative potential of nano-engineering in cement and concrete for the construction industry. To provide context, the introduction outlines the motivation and objectives of integrating nano-engineering principles, establishing a foundation for subsequent sections. Building on this, the fundamentals section explores nanotechnology in construction materials, nanoparticle characteristics, and synthesis methods. Transitioning to applications, the focus shifts to nano-engineered cement, examining additive types and their effects on setting time and strength. Further advancing the discussion, nano-engineered concrete composites are analyzed, with emphasis on nanofibre and nanotube reinforcement and their impacts on mechanical and durability properties. Addressing challenges, the review critically examines dispersion issues and durability concerns. Finally, the conclusion synthesizes key findings and discusses implications for the construction industry, offering valuable insights for researchers and professionals in this evolving field.