Verifiable distributed blind quantum computation

Blind quantum computation (BQC) enables clients with limited quantum capabilities to delegate computational tasks to remote quantum servers while maintaining the privacy of inputs, outputs, and algorithms. However, in the NISQ era, servers cannot perform large-scale quantum computing tasks due to the constraints of the size and performance of quantum computers. Therefore, this paper proposes a distributed BQC protocol based on the measurement model to increase the possibility of implementing some tasks of larger size. The proposed protocol divides the brickwork resource states into two types of small-scale quantum resource states, which are subsequently entangled by using the optimized non-local CZ operations to construct a larger-scale quantum resource state. This approach can significantly reduce the burden on a single quantum server. Notably, the implementation of the optimized non-local CZ operation only requires pre-sharing a pair of Bell states without the need for classical communication between servers, which may boost the parallelism of delegated computation. In addition, the protocol also realizes verifiability by embedding trap qubits. Finally, a replacement strategy for any quantum server is suggested in anticipation of possible periodic maintenance of quantum servers in the future.