Awareness of environmental risk factors contributing to asthma exacerbations among asthmatic patients in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic airway disease marked by reversible obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Effective management relies on patient understanding of the condition and available treatments. This study aimed to assess awareness of asthma risk factors, exacerbations, and disease severity among the population in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted through social media platforms, targeting individuals from various cities in the Jazan region. A total of 633 participants completed structured questionnaires designed to assess their knowledge of asthma and its environmental risk factors. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Out of the 633 participants, 506 (79.9%) demonstrated good awareness of the relationship between environmental risk factors and asthma exacerbations, while 127 (20.1%) exhibited poor awareness. Nearly all participants (99.2%) had prior knowledge of asthma, and 437 (69%) were aware of the link between environmental factors and exacerbations, making efforts to reduce exposure. House dust mites were identified as the most frequently reported cause of asthma exacerbations (69.5%), followed by respiratory infections (67.1%). A significant association was found between educational level and awareness of asthma's environmental triggers (P = .020), with participants holding bachelor's and diploma degrees showing higher levels of awareness compared to other educational groups. The overall level of awareness regarding environmental risk factors associated with asthma exacerbations was satisfactory, though gaps remain in understanding specific triggers such as respiratory infections, cold weather, and exercise. Educational attainment and a formal asthma diagnosis were significantly associated with greater awareness. Targeted educational interventions may help bridge these knowledge gaps, enhancing asthma management, and reducing exacerbations in the region.